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Bhagat Singh (भगत सिंह)

Who was Bhagat Singh? 


Birth and Family Background:
  • Bhagat Singh was born on September 28, 1907, in Banga, Punjab, British India.
  • He belonged to a patriotic family involved in the freedom movement.
  • His father, Kishan Singh, and uncle, Ajit Singh, were prominent freedom fighters.
Early Inspiration:

  • The Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919 profoundly affected him at the age of 12.
  • Bhagat Singh resolved to fight against British oppression after visiting the massacre site.
  • He was influenced by leaders like Kartar Singh Sarabha and Lala Lajpat Rai.

Education and Ideology:

  • Singh was a bright student and an avid reader of revolutionary literature.
  • He was inspired by socialism, Marxism, and the Russian Revolution.
  • Disillusioned by Gandhi's withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922, he turned to revolutionary activities.
Joining Revolutionary Groups:
  • Bhagat Singh joined the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA).
  • In 1928, the group was renamed the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA).
  • He played a key role in planning and executing revolutionary acts.
Avenging Lala Lajpat Rai:
  • In 1928, Lala Lajpat Rai died after being assaulted by police during a protest against the Simon Commission.
  • Singh, along with Rajguru and Sukhdev, decided to avenge his death.
  • On December 17, 1928, they killed British officer John Saunders in Lahore.
Central Legislative Assembly Bombing:
  • In 1929, Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw non-lethal bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly.
  • The act was a protest against repressive British laws, aiming to "make the deaf hear."
  • They voluntarily surrendered, shouting slogans like “Inquilab Zindabad” (Long Live Revolution).
Imprisonment and Hunger Strike:
  • Bhagat Singh used his trial to propagate revolutionary ideals.
  • He highlighted the exploitation of Indians under British rule.
  • While in jail, he led a 116-day hunger strike for better treatment of political prisoners.
  • The strike gained widespread public attention and support.
Socialist Vision:
  • Singh believed in creating an egalitarian society free of exploitation.
  • He rejected caste, religion-based divisions, and communalism.
  • His writings emphasized rationality, secularism, and scientific progress.
Death Sentence:
  • Singh was later tried for the murder of John Saunders.
  • Despite appeals for clemency, he was sentenced to death.
  • On March 23, 1931, Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev were hanged in Lahore Central Jail.

Legacy and Impact:
  • Bhagat Singh was only 23 years old when he was executed.
  • His martyrdom sparked outrage and inspired millions to join the independence movement.
  • He became a symbol of resistance, courage, and self-sacrifice.
  • His slogan, “Inquilab Zindabad,” became a rallying cry for freedom fighters.
  • Singh’s belief in socialism influenced post-independence political thought.
Commemoration:
  • March 23 is observed as Shaheed Diwas (Martyrs’ Day) in India.
  • Numerous schools, roads, and institutions are named after him.
  • His life has been depicted in books, films, and cultural works.
  • His birthplace in Pakistan is a site of reverence for admirers.
Key Ideals:
  • Bhagat Singh advocated for a secular, united India.
  • He rejected blind adherence to tradition, promoting modern thinking.
  • He believed in collective action to achieve justice and equality.
  • Singh emphasized education as a tool for societal change.
  • He viewed freedom as incomplete without social and economic justice.
Global Relevance:
  • Singh’s revolutionary spirit transcended regional boundaries.
  • He remains a global symbol of the fight against oppression.
  • His life continues to inspire movements for justice and equality.
Conclusion:
  • Bhagat Singh’s sacrifice is celebrated as a turning point in India’s freedom struggle.
  • He is remembered for his fearless defiance of British imperialism.
  • His writings reveal his vision for a just and equitable society.
  • Singh’s legacy unites people across generations and ideologies.
  • He is immortalized as one of India’s greatest revolutionaries and martyrs.



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